criminal case_offenses against reputation, et cetera.

 criminal case_offenses against reputation, et cetera.

the fact:
criminal complainant: Mr. Lu.
criminal accused: Mr. Lin.
21:45 o'clock, 29th October 2022, in the McDonald' branch.
Lin is a customer, Lu is the clerk of the McDonald's branch.
Lin didn't wear mask on face, Lu please Lin cover the mask.
Lin curse Lu "fuck your mother" "fuck pussy".
then Lu go to police station, file the complaint for infringing his reputation.
during the investigating,
the public prosecutor transfer the case to the borough mediation committee.

the clauses of the mediation settlement:
1.Lin apologize to Lu at the site.
2.Lu withdraw the criminal complainant.
3.both agree abandon the remaining civil claim, and not persecute other side criminal responsibility, the complainant withdraw the criminal complaint.

Lu signed the "agree withdraw complaint form" at the site.

the third may 2023,
the borough hall submit the mediation the local court for reviewed by judicial affair officer.
at the same time, mail the record of the mediation clause and the withdraw complaint form to the local prosecutors' office, who transfer that case.
the 15th may 2023, the local court approved the case.

my comment:
1.Lin give the red envelope to Lu in addition, besides apologizing. but not in the record.
2.in the borough mediation, recording the withdraw complaint , if the court have approved it, deemed as withdraw already.
sign the withdrawal complaint form is unnecessary.
but the local prosecutors' office transfer the case adding the withdraw complaint form and express that please the complainant sign if the settlement reached.

the problem is:
if the court disapproved, but the withdraw complaint form had be mailed to the local prosecutors' office,
how to deal with that?
accomplishing mediation deemed as withdrawn, and signing withdraw complaint form, has the same effect separately.
even if the court disapproved the mediation, the withdraw complaint form had be mailed to the local prosecutors' office,
the criminal complaint would be withdrawn too.
only left the victim civil claim.

the other measure:
when the mediation reach settlement, not mail to local prosecutor as same time.
submitting to the court, until the court review completely, after that, mailing to the prosecutor.
hence, the prosecutor would receive the mediation record, withdraw complaint form, and the court disapproved document simultaneously.
the purpose is that prosecutor would notice the court disapproved the case.
how to deal with the withdraw complaint form, up to the prosecutor.

The Township and County-Administered City Mediation Act
Article 28
For the criminal cases instituted only upon the complaint, the successful mediation is reached during the investigation or before the conclusion of debate in the court of first instance and the intention of withdrawing the complaint of the party has been recorded in the mediation agreement, which is approved by the court, the complaint or private prosecution shall be deemed as withdrawn at the time the successful mediation is reached.

刑事調解案例_妨害名譽等

刑事調解案例_妨害名譽等

案例事實:
刑事告訴人:盧某
刑事被告:林某
民國111年10月29日21時45分許，在某市某區麥當勞分店，
林某為顧客，盧某為麥當勞員工，
林某未戴口罩，盧某向林某勸導，盧某請林某戴口罩，
林某回罵「幹你娘機掰」「耖基掰」。
於是盧某至派出所提出妨害名譽告訴。
檢察官偵察中轉介公所調解委員會。


調解成立的具體記載:
本件為臺灣OO地方檢察署112年偵字第OOOO號妨害名譽等案件(O股)
雙造同意成立調解：
1.林某當場向盧某道歉。
2.盧某同意撤回刑事告訴。
3.雙造均同意拋棄其餘民事之請求權並不追究對方之刑事責任，刑事告訴人同意撤回刑事告訴。(以下空白)

盧某並當場簽具「撤回告訴狀」。

區公所於112年5月3日函送地方法院審核，
同時把成立筆錄(影本)和撤回告訴狀函復轉介的地檢署。
地方法院於112年5月15日准予核定。


筆者說明:
1.林某除了向盧某道歉，現場還包了一包紅包給盧某。但沒有記在筆錄上。
2.在鄉鎮市調解，只要記明撤回告訴，法院核定後就視為撤回告訴，是不用再簽一次撤回告訴狀。
但地檢署都會在移送公文中加附一張撤回告訴狀，並註明調解成立請告訴人簽名。

有問題的點是:
如果法院駁回，但撤回告訴狀已經送至地檢署了，怎麼辦?
調解成立而視為撤回，和具狀撤告，兩相獨立，有各自的效力。
一旦法院駁回調解，撤回告訴狀已經送至地檢署，仍生撤回告訴的效力。
受害人只剩民事求償權了。

另一種作法是，
調解成立後，不同時函復地檢。
而是先送法院審核，等法院核定後再函復地檢。
這時候地檢就會收到，調解成立的筆錄影本、撤回告訴狀、法院駁回函。
就是讓檢察官知道，此件法院駁回。
至於撤回告訴狀要怎麼處理，就看檢察官了。


鄉鎮市調解條例第28條
告訴乃論之刑事事件於偵查中或第一審法院辯論終結前，調解成立，並於調解書上記載當事人同意撤回意旨，經法院核定者，視為於調解成立時撤回告訴或自訴。

the absence of identity document and the issue of the same person.

the absence of identity document and the issue of the same person.

the traffic case, disapproved due in the absence of identity document,
and the issue of the same person.

the fact:
24th January 2023, at 24 o'clock,
the traffic accident involved the two motorcycles.
motorcycle A: the driver Zhan A, the owner Zhan B;
motorcycle B: the driver Ceng A, the owner Ceng B;
both owners commission to the drivers be present in the mediation.

the possible cause recorded in the initial judgement of traffic accedent:
driver Zhan A: stop priror to turn around, notice whether other vehicle or not, then turn around.(the safe rule of traffic article 106, 5)
driver Ceng A:(blank)

the mediation settlement:
Zhan A give Ceng A 35 thousands, excluded compulsory insurance.
among, on the tenth march 2023 pay the 15 thousands, on the tenth july 2023 pay 20 thousands.

splitted to two cases, writing down in here:

civil 14(driver Zhan A give driver Ceng A 20 thousands)
1. the case be confined to Ceng A's body and wage et cetera.
2. driver Zhan A give driver Ceng A 20 thousands in New Taiwan dollar(same below) by himself(excluded compulsory insurance).
3. before the tenth july 2023, transfer into the designated account number:some number.
4. in civil, both give up the remaining right of civil claim; in criminal, both give up the right of the claim for investigating the criminal, the complainant withdraw the complaint.

civil 15(driver Zhan A give owner Ceng B 15 thousands)
1. the case be confined to Ceng B's vehicle.
2. driver Zhan A give driver Ceng B 15 thousands in New Taiwan dollar(same below) by himself(excluded compulsory insurance).
3. before the tenth march 2023, transfer into the account number designated by the commissioned :some number.
4. in civil, both give up the remaining right of civil claim; in criminal, both give up the right of the claim for investigating the criminal, the complainant withdraw the complaint.

result after court review:
civil 14(driver Zhan A give driver Ceng A 20 thousands):
disapproved.
reason:in absence of the identity document in the docket, for avoiding the issue of same person, need to be provided.
civil 15(driver Zhan A give owner Ceng B 15 thousands):
approved.

my comment:
1.about the disapproved reason.
the documents in the two cases are same completely,
but one case approved, the other disapproved.

some documents could be substituted mutually.
e.g.
identity card could be substituted by national health insurance card, driving licence, household certificate, household registration transcript.
vehicle registration could be substituted by Motor Vehicles information Service web inquiry, vehicle scrapping paper.
ownership certificate of land or building by land or building registration inquiry, land or building transcript.

the case special on there:
I have forgotten to add the copy of the Zhan A's identity card, but he give the Zhan B's to me.
hence I add the office mail of querying result by police, to be substitution.

received the court's disapproved of the civil 14,
I connected the Zhan A, please he send the photo of his identity card to me.
I print out and add in the docket, submit to the court again.

2.about the "same person" issue:
there is academic.
in the real world, that is difficult to prove "who is the guy".
the identity number is not carved in the someone's body inside.
the individual, since the birth, accumulating of the relationship and evaluation.
in practice, that is difficult to prove the guy in present is that guy in the accident.
this is the original of the issue.

3.about "wage et cetera".
civil 14(driver Zhan A give driver Ceng A 20 thousands) the case be confined to Ceng A's body and "wage et cetera".
the damage of the traffic accident can be distinguished as the damage of vehicle and the damage of body. the wage belong to the damage of the body.
the is academic too.
the cause of the torts divided in the cause of the liability and the cause of the loss.
the cause of the liability mean the cause between "the action" and "the damage of special right".
the cause of the loss mean the cause between "the damage of special right" and "loss".
so, I usually don't write down the "wage et cetera", which will be included in the loss of the body damage, that's enough.

the case due to the special please of the parties, so I written down it.
even if treated as excluded, inevitable end in the "4. in civil, both give up the remaining right of civil claim".

4.about "case splitted".
the purpose of case splitted  for the score look good, assessing the performance would count the amount of the cases.
even if the borough get the championship in the city, the big borough only have award 144,655 New Taiwan Dollar, the small borough, like my location, only 30,998.
(data of 2021, the award rule of borough mediation by ministry of justice)
couldn't regarded as overtime payment, spend out in limited period, almost equal to one work more, I would rather not have it.

交通案例-沒附身分證遭駁回，兼談「當事人同一性」

交通案例-沒附身分證遭駁回，兼談「當事人同一性」

案例事實:
民國112年1月24日19時許，
二部機車發生交通事故
A機車:騎士詹甲，車主詹乙
B機車:騎士曾甲，車主曾乙
車主均委任騎士代理出席調解會議

交通事故初判表記載之可能肇因:
騎士詹甲:迴車前應暫停，看清有無往來車輛，始得迴轉(道安規則第106條第5款)
騎士曾甲:(空白)

調解成立條件:
詹甲給付曾甲3.5萬元，不含強制險
其中，1.5萬元112年5月10日前給付，2萬元民國112年7月10日前給付。

拆案成二案，具體記載如下:

民調14(騎士詹甲給付騎士曾甲2萬元整)
1.本件調解範圍:騎士曾甲人損及薪資等經濟損失。
2.騎士詹甲單獨給付騎士曾甲總額新臺幣(下同)2萬元整(給付金額不含強制險)。
3.應於民國112年7月10日前匯入騎士曾甲指定之金融帳戶內給付完畢(台新銀行(812)帳號)。
4.民事部分，除強制險外，雙造均同意拋棄其餘民事之請求權;刑事部分，雙造均同意不追究對方之刑事責任，刑事告訴人同意撤回刑事告訴。(以下空白)

民調15(騎士詹甲給付車主曾乙1.5萬元整)
1.本件調解範圍: 車主曾乙車損。
2.就車主曾乙車損，騎士詹甲單獨給付車主曾乙總額新臺幣(下同)1萬5千元整(給付金額不含強制險)。
3.應於民國112年5月10日前匯入車主曾乙之委任代理人指定之金融帳戶內給付完畢(台新銀行(812)帳號)。
4.民事部分，除強制險外，雙造均同意拋棄其餘民事之請求權;刑事部分，雙造均同意不追究對方之刑事責任，刑事告訴人同意撤回刑事告訴。(以下空白)


結果:
民調14(騎士詹甲給付騎士曾甲2萬元整)
不予核定
理由:卷內未見對造人兼受任人詹某之身分證明文件，為避免當事人同一性產生爭議，應另行補正。

民調15(騎士詹甲給付車主曾乙1.5萬元整)
准予核定

筆者說明:
1.關於駁回理由
這二案附上的資料完全一樣，結果一個准、一個駁。

有些文件可以相互取代，如:
身分證可以改用:健保卡、駕照、戶口名簿、戶籍謄本
行照可以改用:監理服務網(行照查詢有效期限)、報廢單、
土地建物所有權狀:土地建物查詢資料、土地建物登記謄本

這次比較特別
我忘了當場向騎士詹甲要詹甲的身分證影印留存，車主詹乙的他倒是有給我了
於是附上警局查詢當事人資料的函復公文，當代替。

收到民調14的不予核定函後，我聯絡騎士詹甲請他傳他的身分證照片給我
我印出後附上卷宗，再送法院審核一次。

2.關於「當事人同一性」
這裡比較學術
在現實世界裡，要證明「這是何人」是一件非常困難的事情。
身分證字號並非物理嵌入人體裡面
個人的存在，是從生出的一刻起，經年累月的人際關係和外在評價
在實務上如何證明眼前的這個人，就是案發時的那個人
就是「當事人同一性」問題的緣由

2.關於「薪資等經濟損失」
民調14(騎士詹甲給付騎士曾甲2萬元整)調解範圍:騎士曾甲人損及「薪資等經濟損失」。
一般交通事故分人傷和車損，薪資是屬於人傷的責任範圍
這裡也比較學術
侵權行為的因果關係區分為「責任成立因果關係」與「責任範圍因果關係」
「責任成立因果關係」指「侵害行為」與「特定權利」之間的因果關係
「責任範圍因果關係」指「特定權利受侵害」後與「損害」之間的因果關係
所以通常我不會把「薪資等經濟損失」另外寫明，而是包含在人損裡面

這件是當事人特別要求，所以列出。
就算被認為不含括，也會在第4點「拋棄其餘民事之請求權」被結束掉。

3.關於拆案
拆案是為了讓案件表面上多一點，成績評比時會算案件數。
但就算拿到區域第一名，大區也不過送你144,655元，小區，如筆者所在地，只有30,998元。
(110年度資料、「法務部鄉鎮市調解獎勵金核發要點」)
而且也不能當加班費發放，限期花完，等於多一項業務，不如不要。

the case of the traffic accident, one case splitted into several cases

the case of the traffic accident, one case splitted into several cases:
driver, vehicle owner, and passenger.

the fact of the case:
about 20:14, in some day, December, 2022
(the timestamp is related to the application of the law)
Mr. Zhou, who was driver and owner, ride a motorcycle with passenger Miss Weng,
Miss gao, who was driver and owner, ride a motorcycle,
happen to the traffic accident,
both be injured on the bodies and possessions.

on the first January 2023, the judicial yuan issue a decree,
the mediation settlements to be approved by judicial affairs officers.
before that, approved by judge.

the record on the initial analysis of the traffic accident
Mr. Zhou:
1. ignored situation in front of the vehicle(the traffic safety rule article 94, 3)
2. not keep the safe distance(the traffic safety rule article 94, 1)

Miss Gao:
1.    should not turn around, on the line that separate the direction.(the traffic safety rule article 106, 2)
2. should not suddenly slow down, brakes, or stop on the traffic lane.(the traffic safety rule article 94, 2)

the settlements of the mediation:
Mr. Zhou pay Miss Gao 120 thousands in new Taiwan dollar.
Gao pay Zhou six thousands.
Gao pay Weng three thousands six hundreds.
all included compulsory insurance, part of be paid on the site.

for performance, the borough office, mean that is up to me, the case be splitted  one into three.

the actual written as below:
civil case 07 (Mr. Zhou pay Miss Gao 120 thousands.)
1.this case confine the damage of Gao's vehicle and body.
2.for Gao's vehicle and body, Zhou pay Gao 120 thousands new Taiwan dollar(same below), the amount include compulsory insurance, should pay before seventh, April, 2023.
3.if obtain the compulsory insurance afterwards , the claimant who defined by law got total more than the settlements, both agree, the more wouldn't return.
4.both agree to give up the others civil right in this case, and don't pursue another for criminal liability, the complainant withdraw the complaint.(end)

civil case 08 (Miss Gao pay Mr. Zhou six thousands.)
1.this case confine the damage of Zhou's vehicle and body.
2.for Zhou's vehicle and body, Gao pay Zhou six thousands new Taiwan dollar(same below) on the site, check and accept on the site. the amount include compulsory insurance.
3.if obtain the compulsory insurance afterwards , the claimant who defined by law got total more than the settlements, both agree, the more wouldn't return.
4.both agree to give up the others civil right in this case, and don't pursue another for criminal liability, the complainant withdraw the complaint.(end)

civil case 09 (Miss Gao pay Miss Weng three thousands six hundreds.)
1.this case confine the damage of Weng's.
2.for Weng's, Gao pay Weng three thousands six hundreds new Taiwan dollar(same below) on the site, check and accept on the site. the amount include compulsory insurance.
3.if obtain the compulsory insurance afterwards , the claimant who defined by law got total more than the settlements, both agree, the more wouldn't return.
4.both agree to give up the others civil right in this case, and don't pursue another for criminal liability, the complainant withdraw the complaint.(end)

because the judge Mr. Zhou ever say:
"disapprove, reason: the compensation include the compulsory insured on the settlement, but all paid by the perpetrator, if obtain the compulsory insured afterward, the payment will over the settlement, should the extra be returned or not, will dispute."
so I add the "3.if obtain the compulsory insured afterwards , the claimant who defined by law got total more than the settlements, both agree, the more wouldn't return."

eighth march 2023, the three cases be submitted to the court.

afterward,

25 march 2023,
civil case 08 (Miss Gao pay Mr. Zhou six thousands.)
the court approved it.

tenth April 2023,
civil case 09 (Miss Gao pay Miss Weng three thousands six hundreds.)
the court disapproved it.
disapproved reason:
1.Miss Gao' identity number is error.
2.Miss Gao' vehicle number is error.
3."the record fo the mediation fact had "the damage of vehicle" "the damage of body", but this case confine "for Weng's", the scope of the mediation either vehicle or body, that's question."

24 April 2023,
civil case 07 (Mr. Zhou pay Miss Gao 120 thousands.) ,disapproved too.
disapproved reason:
"the article 2 of this settlement say include the compulsory insurance, mean the total compensation is 120 thousands, but the article 3 say that "if obtain the compulsory insurance afterwards , got total more than the settlements, the more wouldn't return." if the clause of settlement carry out before seventh April 2023, the compulsory insurance receive after that, the victim will get double amount, there is question."

then I delete the article 3 about overpayment, submit it to the court again.
ninth may 2023, the court approved the mediation settlement.

after
civil case 08 (Miss Gao pay Mr. Zhou six thousands.)
civil case 07 (Mr. Zhou pay Miss Gao 120 thousands.)
all get approving.
then I fix
civil case 09 (Miss Weng pay Miss Gao three thousands six hundreds.)
and submit to the court again.

my short opinion:
before first January 2023, the mediation settlement approved by judge.
thereafter by judicial affairs officers.

someone indicate that "I understand than you", but don't understand actually,
ostensibly indicate "there you wrong" is good method.
if someone "I understand than you", and understand actually,
the better method is to indicate"there you wrong", and "how to do correctly."
but once the court disapprove, they scarcely indicate how to make clause correctly.
most indicate you are wrong, let you to guess which one possibly is right.

the judge trial independently,
some judges approve courageously if the settlement is correct roughly.
some judges review the clauses trivially, like a language teacher.
judicial affairs officer' power is so weak on workplace, dominated by the judge.
disapproving is relative easy choice for officers.
if approved, enforcement in the future, discover the ambiguous in the settlement,
the officer who approve will be notified.
if disapproved,
the settlement is just a contract privately,
afterward lawsuit that irrelevant with the review standard of the judicial affairs officer.

the mediation clerk too.
if mediation not settle, I would donate the parties a civil lawsuit paper or a criminal complaint paper.
help him or her to the court.
if mediation settle down, following up to write clause, to sort out documents, answer parties what to do the other one violate.
once in a while, I think that not reach an agreement is better, I wouldn't have to work so hard.

note:
The Township and County-Administered City Mediation Act
Amended Date：2023-01-13
Article 26
Within ten days as the mediation has been accomplished, the townships or county-administered cities shall submit the mediation agreement, evidences, and relevant materials to the court within its jurisdiction for further review.
The mediation agreement in the proceeding paragraph shall be reviewed by the court immediately. For the approval of the mediation agreement, the judge shall sign his/her signature and affix the official seal with the agreement. After keeping one copy of the mediation agreement as the dossier, the agreement shall be returned to the townships or county-administered cities and the service shall be effectuated upon the parties with relevant documents.
For the cases referred by the courts, townships and county-administered cities shall submit the copy of the service report to the referring court.
When the mediation agreement cannot get approved by the court, due to its contents violating the rules or conflicting with public policy or public moral, the court shall inform the township or county-administered cities with the reasons. For the cases referred by the court and getting disapproval, the litigation proceeding shall resume accordingly.
For the service of the mediation documents, the provisions of the service of process under the Taiwan Code of Civil Procedure shall apply mutatis mutandis.

judicial yuan 19 September 111 ROC
number 1110028026 and 1110028010 issue the order:
"the scope of judicial affairs officers' work"

the order of judicial yuan is not identical the literal meaning of the law in fact.

交通拆案案例，駕駛、車主、乘客。

 交通拆案案例，駕駛、車主、乘客。

案例事實:
111年12月20時14時許,
(時間點涉及法律適用)
周男騎機車載翁女，和高女騎機車，發生交通事故,
雙方均有人傷和車損

112年1月1日司法院令，調解書改由司法事務官審核。
在此之前,是由法官審核。

初判表記載的肇因:
周男:
1.未注意車前狀況(道安規則第94條第3項)。
2.未保時安全距離(道安規則第94條第1項)。

高女
1.劃有分向限制線之路段，不得迴車(道安規則第106條第2款)。
2.除遇突發狀況必須減速外，不得任意驟然減速、煞車或於車道中暫停(道安規則第94條第2項)。

成立調解的條件:
周男賠高女12萬元。
高女賠周男6千元。
高女賠翁女3千6百元。
均含強制險，都是當場付清。

為了績效，公所，就是我決定的，把這件拆成三案。

具體記載如下:
民調07(周男賠高女12萬元)。
一、本件調解範圍:高女之人損及車損。
二、就高女之人損及車損，周男給付高女總額新臺幣(下同)12萬元整(給付金額含強制險)，應於民國112年4月7日前給付完畢。
三、日後強制險若經理賠，而強制險法律規定之請求權人獲賠金額超出約定之賠償金額時，溢領部分，雙造約定，無需返還。
四、雙造均同意拋棄其餘民事之請求權並不追究對方之刑事責任，刑事告訴人同意撤回刑事告訴。(以下空白)


民調08(高女賠周男6千元)。
一、本件調解範圍:周男之人損及車損。
二、就周男之人損及車損，高女當場給付周男新臺幣(下同)6千元整(給付金額含強制險)，當場點收無訛。
三、日後強制險若經理賠，而強制險法律規定之請求權人獲賠金額超出約定之賠償金額時，溢領部分，雙造約定，無需返還。
四、雙造均同意拋棄其餘民事之請求權並不追究對方之刑事責任，刑事告訴人同意撤回刑事告訴。(以下空白)


民調09(高女賠翁女3千6百元)。
一、本件調解範圍:翁女之人損。
二、就翁女之人損，高女當場給付翁女新臺幣(下同)3千6百元整(給付金額含強制險)，當場點收無訛。
三、日後強制險若經理賠，而強制險法律規定之請求權人獲賠金額超出約定之賠償金額時，溢領部分，雙造約定，無需返還。
四、雙造均同意拋棄其餘民事之請求權並不追究對方之刑事責任，刑事告訴人同意撤回刑事告訴。(以下空白)

因為有位周姓法官曾以「不予核定理由:兩造約定賠償金額已包含強制險理賠，但由聲請人負擔全部賠償金額，日後強制險若經理賠，賠金額將超出約定金額，則溢領部分，應否返還，徒生爭執。」不予核定，將案件退回公所。
加記「日後強制險若經理賠，而強制險法律規定之請求權人獲賠金額超出約定之賠償金額時，溢領部分，雙造約定，無需返還。」

112年3月8日將此三案函送法院審核。



後來，

112年3月25日
民調08(高女賠周男6千元)，准予核定。

112年4月10日
但民調09(高女賠翁女3千6百元)，遭駁回。
不予核定理由:
1.高女身分證字號不符。
2.高女車牌號碼不符。
3.「調解原因事實記載為「有車損」、「有人傷」，惟調解成立內容範圍記載為「翁女之人損」，則調解範圍究竟為車損抑或人傷，即非無疑。」

112年4月24日
民調07(周男賠高女12萬元)，也遭駁回。
不予核定理由:
「本件調解內容第二項約定之給付金額註明含強制險，即全部賠償金額應為12萬元，但第三項又約定日後強制險如經理賠，獲賠金額超出約定之賠償金額時，溢領部分無需返還，對造人如於112年4月7日前給付，日後強制險才理賠，聲請人獲賠金額將可能逾第二項約定金額之一倍，故不明確。」
其後筆者把第三項溢領約定予以刪除，再送法院審核。
112年5月9日法院准予核定。

在民調08(高女賠周男6千元)民調07(周男賠高女12萬元)兩案都收到法院的核定函後
我再把民調09(高女賠翁女3千6百元)修正後送法院審核，現在正審核中。

筆者短評:
調解書原由法官審核，112年1月1日司法院令，調解書改由司法事務官審核。

一般人要表示「我比你懂」，但實際上自己也不懂，
最好的方法，就是指出「你這裡不對」。
如果「我比你懂」，但實際上自己也真的懂，
正確的方法，是指出「你這裡不對」並指出「如何做才對」。
但法院的駁回文書，幾乎不曾指出什麼樣的條款文句才正確。
大都是說你錯，再讓你自己去猜怎麼寫條款。

法官獨任審判，有的法官比較大膽，整體可以就核准，有的比較喜歡當國文小老師，喜歡挑枝節問題。
司法事務官就更弱了，處處受法官監督支配。
駁回對司法事務官是相對輕鬆的選擇。
因為調解書一旦核定，
將來強制執行或文義有疑義，一定會檢討予以核定的司法事務官。
調解書如不予核定，
調解書就只是一份私法契約，續行訟訴也不會檢討司法事務官的審核標準。

調解秘書也是，
調解不成立，我有時還會多附一張民事起訴狀或刑事告訴狀，
讓當事人去找法院。
調解成立，後續條款擬具、書類整理、當事人問對方沒付錢怎麼辦。
有時想想不如不成立，省得輕鬆。

附記:
鄉鎮市調解條例第26條
「鄉、鎮、市公所應於調解成立之日起十日內，將調解書及卷證送請移付或管轄之法院審核。
前項調解書，法院應儘速審核，認其應予核定者，應由法官簽名並蓋法院印信，除抽存一份外，併調解事件卷證發還鄉、鎮、市公所送達當事人。法院移付調解者，鄉、鎮、市公所應將送達證書影本函送移付之法院。」

司法院111年9月19日院台廳司一字第1110028026號函。
司法院111年9月19日院台廳司一字第1110028010號令「司法事務官辦理各類事務之範圍」。

其實司法院的院令不合法律文義。